油品分析檢驗(yan)常用項目及測(ce)定設(she)備

粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)：粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)是流(liu)體(ti)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)滯性(xing)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，是流(liu)體(ti)流(liu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)對(dui)其內(nei)部(bu)摩擦現象的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)表示。粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)大表現內(nei)摩擦力(li)大，分子(zi)量(liang)越大，碳氫結合越多，這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)力(li)量(liang)也越大。 粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)對(dui)各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)潤滑油(you)、質(zhi)量(liang)鑒別(bie)和確(que)定(ding)用(yong)(yong)途，及各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)燃料用(yong)(yong)油(you)的(de)燃燒性(xing)能及用(yong)(yong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)等有決定(ding)意義。在同(tong)樣(yang)餾出溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)下(xia)，以(yi)烷(wan)烴為(wei)主要組份的(de)石油(you)產(chan)品粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)低(di)，而(er)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)溫性(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)好，即(ji)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)指數(shu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高，也就是粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)隨(sui)溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)變(bian)化而(er)改變(bian)的(de)幅度(du)(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小；含環(huan)烷(wan)烴（或芳烴）組份較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)多的(de)油(you)品粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高，即(ji)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)溫性(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)差；含膠質(zhi)和芳烴較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)多油(you)品粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)高，粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)溫性(xing)差，即(ji)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)指數(shu)低(di)。 粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)常用(yong)(yong)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)表示，單位mm2/ｓ。重質(zhi)燃料油(you)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)大，經(jing)預熱使運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)達到18~20mm2/ｓ（40℃），有利于噴油(you)嘴(zui)均(jun)勻噴油(you)。粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)測(ce)試可選擇A1011自動(dong)(dong)(dong)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)測(ce)定(ding)儀

殘炭：

    殘(can)炭(tan)是(shi)在殘(can)炭(tan)測(ce)定(ding)裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)(de)(de)坩堝中，將試油(you)(you)按規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)條件，加熱(re)到試油(you)(you)蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)分(fen)解而(er)(er)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)焦(jiao)黑色殘(can)留物(wu)。電爐法規(gui)定(ding)爐溫保持(chi)520±5℃下蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)分(fen)解后的(de)(de)(de)(de)殘(can)留物(wu)。一般(ban)柴油(you)(you)殘(can)炭(tan)規(gui)定(ding)把試油(you)(you)蒸(zheng)(zheng)餾到殘(can)余10%后，才蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)分(fen)解。稱10%蒸(zheng)(zheng)餾殘(can)余物(wu)殘(can)炭(tan)，這種10%蒸(zheng)(zheng)餾殘(can)炭(tan)物(wu)殘(can)炭(tan)值(zhi)比全燒(shao)殘(can)炭(tan)結果大(da)得(de)多，重質(zhi)燃料油(you)(you)規(gui)定(ding)做全殘(can)炭(tan)。 大(da)型低速柴油(you)(you)機可使用(yong)含殘(can)炭(tan)10%的(de)(de)(de)(de)重質(zhi)燃料油(you)(you)。殘(can)炭(tan)值(zhi)影響燃燒(shao)室的(de)(de)(de)(de)結焦(jiao)結炭(tan)。但(dan)對(dui)氣缸和活塞(sai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)磨損則不僅取決(jue)于殘(can)炭(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多少，還主要取決(jue)于炭(tan)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)軟硬。含硫高的(de)(de)(de)(de)積炭(tan)堅(jian)而(er)(er)硬，磨損較大(da)。殘(can)炭(tan)檢測(ce)優選A1260微(wei)量(liang)殘(can)炭(tan)測(ce)定(ding)儀

餾程：  

    餾(liu)程(cheng)是指(zhi)以油(you)(you)品在(zai)規定(ding)條件下蒸餾(liu)所得到的以初餾(liu)點(dian)到終餾(liu)點(dian)表(biao)示蒸發特征的溫度范(fan)圍。主要(yao)用來判(pan)定(ding)油(you)(you)品輕、重餾(liu)分組成的多少，控制產(chan)品質量(liang)和(he)使用性能等， 餾(liu)程(cheng)是保證柴(chai)油(you)(you)在(zai)發動機(ji)燃燒(shao)室里(li)迅速蒸發氣化和(he)燃燒(shao)的重要(yao)指(zhi)標。輕柴(chai)油(you)(you)全餾(liu)范(fan)圍160~365℃；重柴(chai)油(you)(you)用在(zai)低速柴(chai)油(you)(you)機(ji)上(shang)，有充足的霧化、蒸發時間，對餾(liu)程(cheng)沒嚴(yan)格(ge)要(yao)求，一般(ban)在(zai)250~450℃，當前(qian)在(zai)中(zhong)、低速大、中(zhong)型(xing)柴(chai)油(you)(you)機(ji)上(shang)已開始(shi)使用混合型(xing)燃料油(you)(you)。餾(liu)程(cheng)測試可選擇A2003自(zi)動餾(liu)程(cheng)測定(ding)儀?