測定發動(dong)機燃料的餾程

測(ce)定(ding)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)燃料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)程可(ke)鑒別(bie)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)燃料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸發(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)，從而判(pan)斷(duan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、噴氣(qi)(qi)燃料(liao)(liao)和(he)(he)(he)輕(qing)柴油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)對餾(liu)(liu)(liu)程有嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求，原因是它們(men)都在(zai)內(nei)(nei)燃機(ji)(ji)(ji)中燃燒(shao)作(zuo)功。雖然汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、噴氣(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)柴油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)原理不(bu)(bu)(bu)全(quan)一樣，但(dan)均(jun)要求在(zai)燃燒(shao)前(qian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)充(chong)分汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)，和(he)(he)(he)空氣(qi)(qi)形成(cheng)(cheng)均(jun)勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)混合可(ke)燃氣(qi)(qi)，為(wei)燃燒(shao)創(chuang)造良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件。以汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)例，性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)用(yong)(yong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)在(zai)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)內(nei)(nei)使用(yong)(yong)時，應(ying)產(chan)生功率大、油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)耗(hao)低(di)(di)、在(zai)各種(zhong)工況下均(jun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)順利運轉而不(bu)(bu)(bu)損(sun)壞機(ji)(ji)(ji)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良好效果。通(tong)過汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初餾(liu)(liu)(liu)點可(ke)判(pan)斷(duan)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中有無保證(zheng)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)下易(yi)于(yu)啟(qi)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輕(qing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)分。汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)10%餾(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)反映汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)含輕(qing)組(zu)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多少(shao)(shao)，10%餾(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)過高(gao)(gao)，否則(ze)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)啟(qi)動(dong)就會(hui)發(fa)(fa)生閑難，而且(qie)容易(yi)形成(cheng)(cheng)氣(qi)(qi)阻。汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)50%餾(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)可(ke)判(pan)斷(duan)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中含影(ying)(ying)(ying)響氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)式發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)加(jia)(jia)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)較(jiao)輕(qing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)分數量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多少(shao)(shao)，反映了(le)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)影(ying)(ying)(ying)響發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)暖車(che)、加(jia)(jia)速(su)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)燃料(liao)(liao)分配均(jun)勻性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平均(jun)蒸發(fa)(fa)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。50%餾(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)也不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)過高(gao)(gao)，否則(ze)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)來不(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)全(quan)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)就進(jin)入汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)缸內(nei)(nei)，因油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)比小而燃燒(shao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)全(quan)，甚(shen)至燃燒(shao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)起來，會(hui)使發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)無法(fa)加(jia)(jia)速(su)，甚(shen)至熄(xi)火，且(qie)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)耗(hao)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)，降低(di)(di)了(le)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)功率，反映出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)速(su)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)好。我國(guo)規定(ding)車(che)用(yong)(yong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)50%餾(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)高(gao)(gao)于(yu)120℃，90%餾(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)反映影(ying)(ying)(ying)響汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)充(chong)分蒸發(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)(he)燃燒(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重組(zu)分數量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多少(shao)(shao)，也與汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)速(su)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)有關(guan)，并(bing)與終(zhong)(zhong)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)點一起反映汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)否全(quan)燃燒(shao)和(he)(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磨損(sun)情況。90%餾(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)(he)終(zhong)(zhong)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)點過高(gao)(gao)，會(hui)使汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)在(zai)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)缸內(nei)(nei)燃燒(shao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)全(quan)，降低(di)(di)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)功率，耗(hao)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)，并(bing)且(qie)在(zai)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)缸內(nei)(nei)形成(cheng)(cheng)積炭(tan)。同時，沒(mei)有燃燒(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)還會(hui)使潤滑(hua)(hua)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)粘度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)降低(di)(di)，影(ying)(ying)(ying)響潤滑(hua)(hua)效果，產(chan)生潤滑(hua)(hua)不(bu)(bu)(bu)良的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故障，使機(ji)(ji)(ji)件磨損(sun)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)。97%一98%餾(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)(he)90%餾(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)有相同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意義(yi)，并(bing)可(ke)進(jin)一步判(pan)斷(duan)在(zai)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中有了(le)多少(shao)(shao)該牌號汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中不(bu)(bu)(bu)應(ying)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、有時是膠質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)分。終(zhong)(zhong)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)點和(he)(he)(he)90%餾(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)同樣可(ke)判(pan)斷(duan)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)對澗滑(hua)(hua)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)稀釋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)(ying)響。終(zhong)(zhong)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)點越(yue)接(jie)近90%餾(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)(he)終(zhong)(zhong)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)點、90%餾(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)越(yue)低(di)(di)，則(ze)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中不(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)蒸發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)分越(yue)少(shao)(shao)，因而其稀釋作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)越(yue)小。試(shi)驗證(zheng)明，使用(yong)(yong)終(zhong)(zhong)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)點為(wei)225℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磨損(sun)比使用(yong)(yong)終(zhong)(zhong)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)點為(wei)200℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大1倍、耗(hao)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)7%。為(wei)此，我國(guo)規定(ding)車(che)用(yong)(yong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)90%餾(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)高(gao)(gao)于(yu)190℃,終(zhong)(zhong)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)點不(bu)(bu)(bu)高(gao)(gao)于(yu)205℃。